With the establishment of the Bryansk Rail Rolling Plant in 1873-74, a chapel was built on the initiative of its founders and administration, followed by a prayer house in 1879. The parish of the Transfiguration was large, so in 1880, the construction of a majestic church, rare in architecture, began. Its walls were made of iron rails and covered with oak, and the church was cross-shaped in plan. It was consecrated in 1884 in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, and later two chapels were added. The interior decoration was particularly beautiful. The Spaso-Transfiguration Church, built with love by the residents, was considered an adornment of the workers' settlement. An exemplary church school operated at the church. On April 20, 1915, Emperor Nicholas II visited the church.

After the state coup of 1917, there were multiple attempts to close the church, but the parishioners defended it. By a resolution of the Bryansk Regional Executive Committee on May 4, 1929, it was decided to close the church, but services continued until December 1929. The closure was carried out with the involvement of the police and military. On December 23 at 10:00, the police chief announced this to the church council, and the removal of bells and crosses immediately began. In 1930, the building housed a circus, and later a cinema.

The demolition of the church began in 1933 and was completed in 1935. They planned to build a thermal power plant in its place. In March 1931, members of the clergy, including two priests, a deacon, and two psalmists, were arrested and exiled. In 1937, the former rector Afanasy Vasilyevich Preobrazhensky and priest Simeon Kornilovich Krasovsky were executed. However, the history of the church continued. In late March 1992, a community was recreated in honor of the Transfiguration of the Lord, and from January 1, 1994, services began in the renovated building.

On July 24, 1994, the day of the memory of Equal-to-the-Apostles Princess Olga, the Rite for the foundation of the new church was performed, and by October 14, the foundation-laying works were completed. On Monday of Bright Week, April 23, 2006, Bishop Theophilakt of Bryansk and Sevsk conducted the first Divine Liturgy in the newly built church together with the rector and clergy of the Diocese.