The Church of the Descent of the Holy Spirit in Kaluga, built between 1815 and 1823 with funds from a local merchant-philanthropist, is now used as a bakery.

The first Old Believer church in Kaluga appeared in 1802 and was transformed from an Old Believer chapel. The surviving brick church with three altars, a refectory, and a bell tower was erected between 1815 and 1823 with the support of merchant Shaposchnikov. Two chapels were consecrated in honor of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos and the martyrs Probus, Tarachus, and Andronicus, while in 1858 a third chapel was consecrated in the name of St. Nicholas under the bell tower.

The church had five domes, with a window in the central one. Small pediments were located on the sides, and the entrance was adorned with a gallery on four square columns. The chapels had their own domes with porticoes, which contained windows and sacred images. The bell tower was three-tiered, with porticoes on paired columns at each level. It housed a bell weighing 668 poods. Inside, the church was divided into three parts by vaults supported by two columns.

The iconostases in the two chapels were four-tiered, made in the Byzantine style. Local icons were adorned with rich oklads. The entire refectory was painted in the Byzantine style, and the walls depicted apocalyptic themes and universal councils.

The Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was particularly venerated. The church's sacristy was considered one of the richest in Kaluga. There was also a charitable institution for the elderly associated with the church.

After its closure in 1930, the church building underwent significant renovations, and it is now difficult to recognize it as a church. Currently, it houses a bakery.