In 1750-1751, the Church of the Smolensk Icon of the Mother of God was built on the site of a wooden building, with chapels dedicated to the icon of Sophia, the Wisdom of God, and three saints: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom.

In 1831-1832, according to clerical records from 1834, the refectory and bell tower were rebuilt with funds from parishioners. The church had five domes, and the side entrances were adorned with porticos supported by four Doric columns. Above the porticos were semicircular windows, above which icons in the Moscow style were placed on the walls. The refectory was decorated with small pediments on both sides. The altar was surrounded by four Doric columns. The bell tower was three-tiered: the first two tiers were quadrangular, while the third was round. In 1911, the old iconostasis was replaced with a new one in the Empire style. Among the icons, the images of the Mother of God, particularly the Smolensk and Tikhvin icons, were especially venerated.

To this day, the church fence with a corner tower-chapel has been preserved. One of the notable priests of the 19th century who served in the church was Archpriest Alexey Rodionovich Vorontsov. He served in the Idigitriyevsky church for 24 years, from February 10, 1876, to October 10, 1899. After graduating from the Moscow Spiritual Academy with a master's degree in 1846, Vorontsov was a professor at the Ryazan and later Kaluga seminaries, as well as the secretary of the Kaluga Spiritual Consistory. In 1871, he was ordained as a priest and retired in 1899 after 28 years of service due to age. The Idigitriyevsky church was the parish for the Tsiolkovsky family, and the last rector, Archpriest Ioann Speransky, was a close friend of the scientist K. E. Tsiolkovsky. Currently, the church has been converted into a residential building and is used as a resettlement fund by the City Administration.

Since 1991, the Idigitriyevsky church has been recognized as a monument of architecture and urban planning of local significance according to the decision of the Kaluga Oblast Executive Committee No. 35 dated February 4, 1991.