The building was completed in 1824 under the abbot Daniel. The lower floor housed the brotherhood's refectory, which was adorned with icon paintings in 1827.

In the 1850s, the refectory was moved to a new building, and a church was established here in honor of St. Mary of Egypt and St. Anna, the mother of the Most Holy Theotokos. The temple was consecrated on June 8, 1858, by Bishop Gregory of Kaluga and Borovsk. The founder of the temple, A. S. Rtishcheva, is buried in the crypt beneath the church.

In the 1880s, the venerable elder Ambrose, in agreement with the rector Father Isaac and with the support of benefactors, rebuilt the church. Two chapels were added: one in honor of St. Mary of Egypt and St. Anna, the other in honor of St. Ambrose of Milan and the noble prince Alexander Nevsky. St. Ambrose was the elder's patron in monastic tonsure, and Prince Alexander, in holy baptism. Both chapels were consecrated by Bishop Vladimir of Kaluga on December 1 and 2, 1885.

After the revolution, the church was closed. Currently, restoration work is underway. It is planned to restore the two chapels, as was done with the blessing of Elder Ambrose. Part of the premises houses an icon painting workshop.

On October 20, 2011, a small consecration of the right chapel in honor of St. Anna, the mother of the Most Holy Theotokos, and St. Mary of Egypt took place.