The first mentions of the temple in the village of Businovo date back to 1584. According to legend, the site for the construction of the temple was blessed by St. Sergius of Radonezh when he passed through the village on his way from the Trinity Monastery to Moscow to meet with Metropolitan Alexius. In the 16th century, a wooden church was built here in honor of St. George the Victorious, but it was dismantled in 1623 due to its dilapidated state. In 1643, a new wooden church dedicated to St. Sergius of Radonezh was built on this site.

One of the main relics of the temple is the Molchenskaya Icon of the Mother of God. In the 19th century, a blind girl miraculously found the icon by the Businka River, which flows near the village of Businovo. A girl named Alexandra was instructed in a dream by the Mother of God to walk along the river against the current to find the icon. The next day, she set out to search with her mother. Soon they found the spot, began to dig, and discovered a spring of water. Alexandra washed her eyes and regained her sight. The next day they continued their search and found the miraculous icon of the Mother of God, the Molchenskaya.

The icon was transferred to the temple of St. Sergius of Radonezh, where it became known for miraculous healings. In the mid-19th century, the wooden church became dilapidated, and in 1859, with funds from Prince Nikolai Ivanovich Obolensky and merchant Ivan Andreevich Busurin, a stone church with three chapels was built, the main one consecrated in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh.

In 1937, the church was closed, and the dome and bell tower were destroyed. After 1940, the village of Businovo was demolished, and the Businka River was enclosed in a pipe. During the Soviet era, the church building was heavily remodeled and used as a mattress factory. Later, the building was not used and gradually fell into disrepair.

In 1990, the building was returned to the Orthodox community, and restoration work began. A year later, on July 18, 1991, the first Divine Liturgy was held here. The ancient temple icon of St. Sergius of Radonezh with a particle of his relics has been preserved. Currently, services are held in the church, and a Sunday school and youth club operate.