The parish was founded in 1938 by Russian emigrants. Priest Andrei Lysenko began to come for services, conducting them in a private apartment. Over time, funds were raised for the construction of a church, and a plot was acquired where a wooden building was erected, housing both the church and the rector's apartment. Later, a stone church was laid here.

The first rector of the parish was Alexander Malinin. In 1994, the church transitioned from the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia to the Moscow Patriarchate, after which a residence for the permanent representative of the Russian Orthodox Church in Brazil was established in Porto Alegre. Since 1995, the community has been cared for by Archpriest Anatoly Topala, who eventually became the rector of the church and the dean of the Brazilian district.

On October 4, 2009, celebrations began at the St. Sergius of Radonezh Church, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Russian community in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The service was led by Metropolitan Platon (Udovenko) of Argentina and South America and Archpriest Anatoly Topala, the dean of the Brazilian district. On October 6, a solemn session was held at the Legislative Assembly of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, where it was officially announced that by the state law of April 24, 2009, October 9 is proclaimed as the Day of the Russian Diaspora in southern Brazil.