The chapel, located in the brick building of the Bishop's residence, was established at the initiative of Bishop Philaret of Kaluga and Borovsk. According to some sources, this occurred in 1823, while others state it was in 1825. The church was situated in the southwestern part of the building.

In 1918, the Bolsheviks closed the temple, and it was repurposed for economic needs. The Church of St. Sergius of Radonezh was reopened after part of the former bishop's residence was transferred to the Kaluga diocese in 1994. Currently, the temple is distinguished by three domes on the front of the entrance annex and serves as a spiritual center for the residents of the surrounding streets.