The Intercession Church in Kaluga, according to the inventory of 1626, was called the Church of the Most Merciful Savior and the Intercession of the Holy Virgin, unlike another church with the same name. In the inventory of 1685, it is mentioned as the Church of the Intercession of the Holy Virgin with the chapel of the Origin of the Honorable Trees.

This church was located slightly north of the current one, at a site later marked by a stone pillar. The building of the Intercession Church 'on the moat' that has survived to this day was built in 1687. It resembles the columnless churches of Moscow from the second half of the 17th century. The main volume consists of a two-light square, to which three lowered apses of the altar adjoin from the east, and from the west, the refectory and bell tower. On the southern and northern sides, there are porches on cubical pillars with double arches and a 'weight' between them. In recent times, walls have been built between the pillars of the porches, distorting the shapes of the side entrances to the church.

The church housed relics, such as the icon of the 'Intercession of the Holy Virgin,' which was in the refectory from the moment of the church's founding and was especially revered by parishioners. According to tradition, during the time of Patriarch Nikon, after the correction of books and the beginning of the schism, the priest of the Intercession, who did not accept the innovations, left for the schismatics, taking this icon with him. On his deathbed, he bequeathed to return it to the former church. The current location of the icon is unknown.

The 'Peter's' icon of the Mother of God was also considered miraculous. Until 1864, it was in the house of Kaluga citizen V.P. Sapozhnikov. The prototype of this icon was in the Moscow Assumption Cathedral. The Kaluga copy was placed in a separate kiot. The prototype was painted by St. Metropolitan Peter when he was the abbot in Volhynia. Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich III prayed before it. Patriarch Job took it with him to persuade Boris Godunov to accept the throne. In 1613, Ryazan archimandrite Feodorite went with this icon to Kostroma to Michael Fyodorovich Romanov to call him to the throne.

The church was associated with a stone chapel built in 1823 on the edge of the Berezuevsky ravine. According to tradition, there was a large burial mound here. In this chapel on Semik, on Thursday of the 7th week after Easter, memorial services for the deceased were held. The church also owned a chapel in the Meat Rows square.

On September 8, 1903, a church parish Brotherhood was established at the church. In 1905, it included two permanent members of the Board of Trustees: local priest Mikhail Avdeevich Uhorsky and church elder Grigory Afanasyevich Maslennikov, who was entrusted with the storage and expenditure of funds and property. The Brotherhood also included 7 elected trustees. In 1905, it helped needy poor people both from the Intercession parish and beyond. Assistance was provided in the form of one-time benefits before holidays and monthly payments depending on family status and the Brotherhood's resources. Educational activities included the establishment of a library.

According to the plan of surveyor Golitsky and the decision of the Kaluga District Court on November 23, 1910, the land near the church comprised 895 square fathoms. The church was assigned 76 households with 66 men and 142 women.

According to the Kaluga diocese, the church was closed in 1930. For 59 years (until January 1, 1990), it was used as an incubator for the Production Association 'Kaluzhskoye.' Then the church building served as a concert hall for the regional music society.

Currently, the church is open, and services are held in the consecrated main altar.