In 1703, a wooden Kazan church was built in Borisoglebsk. It was located on the site of the modern stone Kazan temple on Sadovaya Street, next to the city cemetery. The wooden chapel was repeatedly subjected to fires that completely destroyed the parish buildings. The last fire occurred in August 1806.

In 1811, the Consistory allowed the construction of a stone church. Thanks to the efforts of priest Eufimy Petrov, a church was built and consecrated in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. By 1910, the church had three chapels: the main Kazan chapel and the side ones, the southern Nikolsky, dedicated to Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, and the northern Dimitrievsky, in honor of Saint Dimitri of Rostov.

The parish was prosperous. The "Clerical Reports of the Kazan Church for 1906" noted that the church was rich in utensils and vestments. The staff included two priests, a deacon, and two psalmists. The parishioners, mostly Great Russians, were merchants and craftsmen, totaling about 3000 people from 600 households. In 1835, the parish was donated 99 desyatins of arable land, leased out with an income of 667 rubles per year, but the plan and land records were not issued. The parish had no estate land or special properties, except for the church watchman's house. The priests had their own homes. According to local residents, house No. 60 on Sadovoy Lane belonged to the Kazan church before the revolution, but there is no documentary evidence for this. The church had a parish charity that provided assistance to poor parishioners. In 1894, donations amounted to 1400 rubles, and in 1904, a parish school was opened.

Among the clergy of the parish were mentioned: the archpriest of the Borisoglebsk church district, Archpriest Eufimy Petrov (since 1806), the rector, Priest Simeon Chikorevsky (since 1838) and his son, Archpriest Konstantin Chikorevsky, as well as Archpriest Alexiy Dobrovolsky (since 1891). The last rector, Archpriest Peter Alexandrovich Algebristov, served since 1904, was arrested on August 26, 1937, and sentenced to 10 years in prison, where he died. After his arrest, the church was closed the same year and used as a warehouse. Among the deacons was Pavel Nikiforovich Gusev, appointed to the parish on August 9, 1904. After the church was closed, he became a watchman in the forestry, and in 1944, already as a priest, served in the Kazan church, which was briefly reopened. During the "Khrushchev" persecutions, the church was closed again, and Father Pavel was transferred to the village of Samodurovka in the Nativity of the Mother of God church, where he served until his death.

The Kazan church parish in Borisoglebsk was restored only in 1993, and the consecration of the altar took place on February 25, 2003, on the feast of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God.

The church keeps a shrine, the icon "Assembly of the Venerable Elders of Optina" with relics of saints from Optina Pustyn.