The Kharkov Commercial School of Emperor Alexander III was one of the first specialized educational institutions in the field of commercial education in the Russian Empire. It operated from 1893 until the end of 1919.

The idea of creating a commercial school in Kharkov arose on October 31, 1888, in honor of the miraculous rescue of the royal family in a railway accident at the Borки station. The initiator was the Kharkov merchant and commercial advisor N. V. Orlov from the Kharkov Merchant Society. The organization of the school was handled by a commission led by the city mayor I. A. Fesenko.

In 1889, a competition was held for the design of the school building, which was won by the young architect Alexey Beketov, a graduate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. This building became his first work.

The regulations for the school were approved on March 4, 1891, and the first classes began in the fall of 1893. On December 2, 1894, the school was named after Emperor of All Russia Alexander III.