On June 8, 1846, an institution of public charity was opened on Sadovaya Street. It was located on the road leading to the state gardens, southwest of the city.

The complex of the regional hospital was built from 1839 to 1844 according to the design of provincial architect I. I. Oldelli. It included the main three-story hospital building, two side wings, a rear wing, and a psychiatric building. The layout of the complex was similar to noble estates.

After the transformation in 1865 of the medical facility into the provincial zemstvo hospital, it became the center of scientific and practical activities for doctors in the region. During the Soviet era, the hospital turned into a research and treatment-preventive institution, serving as the main base for specialization and professional development of the region's medical personnel. Since 1939, it has been known as the Penza Regional Hospital.