Modern Leninsky Prospekt, formerly known as Bolshaya Kaluzhskaya Street, is an important transport artery of Moscow, where many medical institutions are concentrated.

The history of Golitsyn Hospital begins in the late 18th century. It was built according to the design of architect Matvey Fyodorovich Kazakov with funds bequeathed by Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Golitsyn to create an institution in Moscow that would be beneficial to people and pleasing to God, in memory of his wife, Ekaterina Golitsyna. Kazakov used the concept of an urban estate in the project.

Princess Golitsyna was a well-known philanthropist in Moscow, distinguished by her kindness and responsiveness. She left a significant donation for the development of obstetrics, thanks to which every six years the best graduates of Moscow University were sent to study at the University of Strasbourg. Thus, Princess Golitsyna played a key role in the establishment of professional obstetrics in Russia.

On July 22, 1802, the hospital opened its doors to the first patients from the poorest segments of the population. Initially, it had 50 beds, and by 1805, the number increased to 100. In 1803, a shelter for 30 incurable patients was opened at the hospital. Under the main dome of the building is a chapel.

During Napoleon's invasion, Golitsyn Hospital was converted into a hospital for wounded French soldiers. The chief physician became Napoleon's personal surgeon, Dominique Jean Larrey. He recalled: "In Moscow, there are four large hospitals: Sheremetevskaya, Golitsynskaya, Alexandrovskaya, and the one at the orphanage. All are maintained in cleanliness and order." French medics treated both their own and Russian wounded. Larrey personally performed an amputation on Russian officer Avraam Sergeyevich Norov, who later became the Minister of Public Education.

In the early 19th century, the hospital was managed by Christian Ivanovich Tzinger. During Napoleon's invasion, he remained in the hospital and prevented its looting, preserving the paintings, decor, and iconostasis. For his diligent service, Tzinger was awarded the title of hereditary nobleman.

Today, Golitsyn Hospital is part of City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N. I. Pirogov.