The Gallery of Art from Europe and America of the 19th and 20th centuries, a new department of the State Museum of Fine Arts named after A. S. Pushkin, began welcoming visitors in August 2006.

In twenty-six halls, the Gallery showcases a collection of works by masters of the 19th and 20th centuries. Some halls are dedicated to specific movements in European art or the work of particular artists. A special hall features works from the German school of painting from the early 19th century, including pieces by K. D. Friedrich and the Nazarene artists. Intimate halls allow visitors to view familiar paintings by E. Delacroix and J. A. D. Ingres in a new light. The Spanish school is represented by the works of F. Goya. Participants of the Paris Salon, such as J. Jérôme, P. Delaroche, and E. L. Isabey, also have their own hall. Works by French landscape painters K. Corot and artists of the Barbizon school, such as T. Rousseau, J. Dupre, V. Diaz de la Peña, and C. Daubigny, fit beautifully into the Gallery's interior. The canvases of G. Courbet, J. F. Millet, and O. Daumier complete the picture of French realism.

A particular pride of the Gallery is the paintings of French Impressionists, Post-Impressionists, and early 20th-century masters: K. Monet, O. Renoir, A. Sisley, K. Pissarro, E. Degas, P. Cézanne, P. Gauguin, V. van Gogh, A. de Toulouse-Lautrec, members of the Nabis group, A. Matisse, P. Picasso, A. Deren and A. Rousseau. The new exhibition also features works from other European schools and American art. Among them are canvases by V. Kandinsky, M. Chagall, G. de Chirico, as well as paintings by A. Funi, K. Hofer, F. Cazort, X. Grundig, F. Beringer, and R. Kent. The Gallery showcases the work of leading European sculptors, such as A. Bari, O. Rodin, A. Maillol, E. Bourdelle, O. Zadkine, and X. Arp.