The Evangelical Hospital in Moscow is an architectural ensemble created by architect Otto von Dessin in 1903 and 1914 at the request of the Moscow Lutheran community to establish a medical facility. The historic building of the hospital (building 1) is recognized as a cultural heritage site of regional significance. Currently, it houses the Brain Research Department and the Multidisciplinary Scientific and Diagnostic Center of the Scientific Center for Neurology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, as well as a pharmacy.

In 1895, a plot of land was acquired in the Yauza area, on Gruzinsky Lane (now Obukh Lane). Thanks to a donation of 150,000 rubles from Emma Banze, née von Vogau, it became possible to build a new hospital building and purchase the necessary medical equipment. In 1903 and 1905, several new buildings were erected according to Otto von Dessin's design. The architecture of the hospital is executed in an eclectic style with elements of neo-Gothic and Art Nouveau, including decorative pinnacles, turrets, false battlements, hanging loopholes, and tent roofs. Later, the buildings were connected by covered walkways into a single structure known as building 1.

By 1907, the hospital included an inpatient department with 70 beds, outpatient and maternity (until 1912) departments, as well as an X-ray room, which was rare for that time. Initially, treatment was prioritized for Protestants, but over time their share decreased, and by 1912, they accounted for no more than a quarter of all patients. The hospital served people of all faiths, and the medical staff was mainly composed of Germans, predominantly from the Baltic provinces.