The palace in the country estate of Count Pyotr Borisovich Sheremetev in Kuskovo was known among contemporaries as the "Big House." Its construction took place from 1769 to 1775, but the name of the chief architect remains unknown. The palace was intended for receiving and accommodating guests during the summer.

The building, made of wood, has two floors and a stone basement, which housed utility rooms and cellars. The summer palace of Count Sheremetev is a rare example of a country house that has fully preserved its architectural and spatial design, as well as original interior elements: wooden floors, stoves and fireplaces, decorative painting, wood carving, and papier-mâché stucco, mirrors, and lighting fixtures. The architecture of the palace in Kuskovo represents an example of early Russian classicism, characteristic of country houses of the 18th century.

The pediment of the building is adorned with majestic columns and rich carvings. A white stone staircase with gentle ramps for carriage access leads to the main entrance, flanked by figures of sphinxes, fantastic creatures with female heads and lion bodies.

In 1976 and 1983, a comprehensive restoration of the palace's interiors was carried out, recreating them based on descriptions from the late 18th century. Today, the palace remains the central object of the museum-reserve and is open to visitors.