The house church of St. Sergius of Radonezh at the Simbirsk Male Classical Gymnasium was established after the fire of 1864, when the gymnasium building was under reconstruction for several years. On May 2, 1866, a petition was received at the office of the director of schools in the Simbirsk province from engineer and staff captain Alexander Nikolaevich Denisov. He expressed his desire, along with his wife, to establish a house church in the gymnasium in the name of St. Sergius of Radonezh, taking on all expenses for its arrangement, including the iconostasis, the purchase of icons, lamps, chandeliers, and other church utensils. Denisov also requested to designate a location for the church within the gymnasium building. Thus, the church was founded thanks to the efforts of the Simbirsk noble landowners Denisov, Alexander Nikolaevich and his wife Maria Petrovna.

According to the clerical report for 1913, the church was well supplied with utensils, and a new inventory of church property was compiled in 1911. The diocesan bishop visited the temple annually. In the "Inventory of the property of the gymnasium, gymnasium church, scientific cabinets, library, and boarding house as of January 1, 1915," there were 334 items listed, including 571 objects worth 8669 rubles and 44 kopecks. A detailed inventory of church property has not survived. The interior decoration of the church is captured in postcards from the early 20th century. The exact date of the church's closure is unknown, but in the directory of churches and cemeteries of Simbirsk-Ulyanovsk compiled by V.N. Ilyin, it is indicated that the church was likely closed in 1918. Currently, the former church premises house the gym of Gymnasium No. 1 named after V.I. Lenin.