In 1880, the asylum for the mentally ill was moved in Kursk from an old cramped building to a spacious house that previously belonged to the famous landowner P. A. Denisyev. This house, acquired by the provincial administration at a public auction in 1866, was located near charitable institutions.

The building for the Public Charity Office was erected at the corner of Sadovaya and Lazaretnaya streets (now Semenovskaya street) in 1799. The hospital, opened in Kursk in 1784 and named "gospital," was transferred here from Streletskaya sloboda. At that time, the hospital had seven wards with 73 beds for men and 14 beds for women. The infirmary occupied five wards with 46 beds. In 1820, the Kursk Medical Administration merged the hospital and infirmary into a single institution. Today, the residents of Kursk admire the architecture of this building, which is attributed to architect P. S. Groznov, although there is a legend that it was designed by Giacomo Quarenghi.

Once, a massive drum with a dome and a golden cross of the Church of the Mother of God of Sorrows rose above the building, which was destroyed in 1936. In 1866, the building, along with other structures of the hospital complex, came under the jurisdiction of the provincial zemstvo administration. It housed a male ward for 125 people and a female ward for 25 people.

The location for the hospital was well chosen: gardens were green around, and there was a remnant of virgin forest nearby, where the residents of Kursk arranged the Infirmary Garden. The building stood on an elevation, and the silence was only disturbed by the playing of a brass band in the evenings. Water was supplied here through a pipeline from the Seym River.

In 1842, Emperor Nicholas I visited the hospital, attending a service in the home church in honor of the Mother of God of all Sorrows, which divided the building into two parts. The liturgy made such an impression on him that he gifted a ring to the priest, a watch to the deacon, and distributed forty rubles to the singers.

At that time, the hospital had a central corridor system and 13 spacious wards. By the end of the 19th century, it could accommodate 150 patients. The hospital employed 8 doctors, 10 paramedics, and 8 supervisors. Before the October Revolution, the hospital had 160 beds.

After the October Revolution, the provincial People's Hospital opened new departments: therapeutic, ophthalmological, dental, and venereal. In 1920, a neurology department was added, and in 1924, an anti-tuberculosis department.

In the post-war years, new departments opened in the regional hospital, which later became separate hospitals, dispensaries, and clinics. In 1917, the hospital had 160 beds, in 1934, 475, and in 1940, 665 beds. By 1980, the hospital had 700 beds, and after moving to a new building in the KZTZ microdistrict, it had 1040 beds and a clinic with 750 visits per shift.

Many outstanding Kursk doctors worked within these ancient walls, providing medical assistance to thousands of residents. Before moving to the complex in KZTZ, 163 doctors, 261 nurses, and 126 junior medical staff worked here.

Now, the 1st City Hospital is located here. After the regional hospital moved, a major renovation was carried out, but externally the building remained the same, preserving the old watchman's lodge with columns.