The first known owner of Perovo was Prince Ivan Alekseevich Vorotynsky, who in 1680 transferred this estate to Prince Pyotr Alekseevich Golitsyn as a dowry for his daughter Nastasiya Ivanovna. The new owner was a close friend of Peter I, but due to his involvement in the "Great Embassy," he rarely visited Perovo. It was during his time that the construction of the first church, the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary, began. The first stone was laid in 1699, but due to the prince's diplomatic mission in Vienna, the work was delayed. Upon returning to Moscow, Golitsyn, possibly inspired by the example of his brother Boris, continued the construction.

The estate church was completed and consecrated in 1705, when the owner became the son of Pyotr Alekseevich, Prince Vasily Petrovich Golitsyn. The name of the architect is unknown, but it is believed that it could have been a pupil of Bernini, the Swede Nicodemus Tessin the Younger. The church is interesting for its combination of Moscow Baroque with Western European elements and intricate stucco work characteristic of Golitsyn Baroque. In 1708, the first priest appeared in the church.

The building resembles a park pavilion more than a church. It has an eight-petal shape, decorated with white stone carvings and topped with an elegant composition of volutes. In 1730, an altar dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built, which was replaced in 1866 with a new one, "in the Baroque style," complete with a bell tower. In 1732, Nikolai Petrovich Golitsyn laid Perovo for Yakov Vilimovich Bruce, who soon died, and in 1743, Perovo passed to the treasury. In 1744, Empress Elizabeth Petrovna gifted it to Alexei Razumovsky.

There is a legend that Elizabeth Petrovna and Razumovsky secretly married in the Sign Church in the autumn of 1744. After that, the empress particularly loved Perovo and bestowed valuable gifts upon the church.

In the 1930s, the church was closed by the Soviet authorities. In 1937, the clergymen Vasily Koklin and Nikolai Skvortsov were arrested and executed, and they were canonized in 2000. The building was used for a long time as a production facility.

In 1956 and 1959, attempts were made to restore the church as a historical monument, but during this process, the Baroque-style church and bell tower were dismantled. The Church of the Sign of the Blessed Virgin Mary was returned to the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000 and assigned to the Church of the Nativity of John the Baptist in Ivanovsky, after which its new restoration began.