The church was built in the Russian settlement, where several Russian families, taking advantage of Catherine II's Manifesto, settled under the guise of Polish immigrants. Until 1811, they lived separately from the Little Russians, but then, by government order, became part of the settlement's population, which numbered 73 souls. The area of the settlement is now clearly visible from Pushkin, Lineynaya streets, and further within Samarskaya, Nesterova, and Novo-Uzenskaya.

In 1870, a church trusteeship was established, raising funds for the maintenance of the church choir and school. In 1871, stoves were installed in the building, and in 1898, the church underwent reconstruction and expansion. On October 22, 1901, one of the new chapels was consecrated in honor of the Iveron Icon of the Mother of God, and the second, on November 7, 1904, in honor of Archangel Michael and other incorporeal beings. Initially, the church's parish included 400-460 households with a population of up to 2,500 people, and by 1908-1910, it grew to 904 households and about 5,000 people. The first rector was Vasily Rozhdestvensky, a graduate of the Samara Theological Seminary, who often delivered his own sermons. He was the one who opened the first church parish school on March 24, 1869, which by 1874 became the Pokrovsky-Ascension rural people's school. In the 1891-1892 academic year, a one-class women's school was opened in a building transferred to the church by the rural community.

In December 1940, the collection of signatures for the closure of the last church in the city, considered a relic of the past, continued. The building was destroyed on the eve of the war with Germany.