The Trinity Church is located almost in the center of the modern city at the intersection of Frunze and Karl Marx streets, which were called Spaso-Troitskaya and Krestetskaya before the revolution. It is situated not far from the right bank of the Porusya River. The church was built in the 17th century, although there was previously a wooden temple on this site, references to which have not survived in written sources. According to authors from the 19th century, in 1680, during the reign of Feodor Alexeyevich and with the blessing of Metropolitan Cornelius, a new stone church in honor of the Holy Trinity was erected on the site of the old church. The construction was financed by the old Russian merchant Yakov Tverev, and the consecration took place on December 13, 1684, by the same Metropolitan Cornelius.

In 1759, a fire damaged the Trinity Church and destroyed the wooden church of John Chrysostom that stood nearby. In 1836, a strong storm tore off the dome from one of the drums of the church and damaged another, leading to cracks in the vaults. The church remained in this condition for several years until permission was obtained in 1853 for its repair while preserving the ancient architectural style. The work continued until 1860 under the guidance of Konstantin Andreyevich Ton and was accompanied by significant reconstructions. After that, no cardinal changes were made, and the church remained in this form until the Great Patriotic War. In 1932, the church was still operational, but it was later closed and transferred to the city executive committee, probably in 1937. The bell tower was destroyed before the war, and a document from 1931 mentions that it was dismantled due to its inability to be used for cultural needs.

During the war and in the post-war years, the church suffered greatly. In Soviet times, there were plans to create a reading room and a chess club here, but these ideas were not realized. In the 1980s, the project for the protection zones of Staraya Russa proposed using the church as an exhibition hall or a hall for organ music and singing. In 1996, the church was returned to the diocese.

The parish includes two chapels: in honor of St. Nicholas at the train station and Archangel Michael at the central district hospital.

Currently, the church does not have a full-fledged iconostasis; instead, there is an altar barrier with royal gates, and the icons are placed directly on the walls. The walls and vaults are covered with simple whitewash instead of frescoes. However, the church stands out for its uniqueness: around the perimeter of the walls are sixteen niches, arksolievs, which were discovered during restoration in the 1960s. Now, vases with flowers stand in them. The church also has remarkable acoustics, which, according to parishioners, amplify and enhance the sound of prayers and church singing.