The Trinity Church in Yoshkar-Ola is one of the oldest in the region. It was originally wooden, with the first mention dating back to 1646. In 1736, during the reign of Empress Anna Ioannovna, the first floor of the stone building was constructed, becoming the oldest stone structure in Tsarevokokshaisk. By 1757, the construction of the second floor was completed, funded by merchant Stefan Vishnyakov and peasant Alexei Osokin. Architecturally, the church represented a typical example of Russian architecture of the 17th century, with traditional five-domed cupolas on drums and a four-pitched roof. To the east, altar apses adjoined the church, and to the west, there was a refectory with a porch. An open gallery surrounded the church on the north and west sides, connecting it to the bell tower, which housed seven bells of varying weights.

On the upper floor was the main temple dedicated to the Holy Trinity, while the lower chapel was consecrated in honor of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. On Wednesdays, an akathist was served here in honor of Saint Nicholas of Myra. The interior of the church was adorned with luxurious utensils and icons, among which stood out the carved image of the Savior in a crown of thorns. This image, dated 1695, was particularly venerated by the local population. It is currently located in the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the village of Semyonovka.

The upper temple featured a wooden iconostasis painted white and adorned with gilded carvings and bells. It contained 64 icons in silver and copper vestments. The lower temple had a two-tiered iconostasis. Among the icons were images of the Lord Almighty and the Mother of God of the Caves. In the refectory of the upper floor were banners and an image of the Mother of God "Three-Handed."

The parish of the church included several villages and part of the residents of Tsarevokokshaisk. The church operated a library and a women's church school, with similar schools in the villages. Three chapels were affiliated with the church.

During the Soviet era, the fate of the church was tragic. In the 1920s, the church leadership leaned towards renovationism. In 1932, the church was closed, the building was repurposed as a museum, and its property was partially distributed to other churches. In 1939, the building was dismantled to the first floor, and its ruins remained abandoned for a long time.

In 1991, the remnants of the church were returned to the Church, and restoration work began, lasting nearly 15 years. In 2003, the altar of the lower temple was consecrated, and in 2008, the main altar in honor of the Holy Trinity. In 2004, domes with crosses were installed, marking a symbolic event before the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross.