In 1824, a wooden church was established near the eastern gates of the monastery in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh. This church was moved from the village of Yam and was intended for the parishioners of the Mahrin settlement. In 1764, after the monastery's lands were transferred to the state, the residents of the Mahrin settlement and 12 villages, previously belonging to the Mahri Monastery, formed an independent parish. This parish, located in Vladimir Province, was subordinate to the diocesan bishop, while the monastery itself was managed by the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. The parishioners and clergy did not have their own church, so by the order of Metropolitan Platon of Moscow, services were held in the monastery's gate church with a separate entrance. The church was unheated, and in winter, parishioners preferred to attend the warm monastery church, which caused misunderstandings between the parish clergy and the monastery administration. After 1824, due to the dilapidation of the Sergius Church, it was closed, and the parish was left without a church. This situation came to the attention of Bishop Parthenius of Vladimir. In 1824, he helped the parish acquire a wooden church in the village of Yam from landowner Yakovlev. In 1832, Priest Ivan Gerasimov asked Bishop Parthenius to consecrate a new stone warm church in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh. In 1851, parishioners raised funds to reconstruct the church: they built a new three-tiered bell tower and two chapels, in honor of St. Nicholas and the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God. The one-story stone church was shaped like a ship, with chapels in the refectory part and a narthex on the west side, to which the bell tower was attached. In the 60s-70s, the church was decorated with funds from the warden Ilya Vasilyevich Dvoretsky. A marble floor was laid in the church, the iconostasis was gilded, and the walls were painted by F.D. Lavrovsky. From 1877 to 1879, a stone fence was built. A school and library operated at the church. In the late 1930s, the church was closed, the altar was dismantled, and the upper tier of the bell tower was removed. During the Soviet era, a club, tea house, and library were located here. This architectural monument remained in neglect for a long time due to a lack of funds for restoration. In 2006, restoration work began thanks to benefactors. On May 6, 2006, the first stone was laid in the foundation of the destroyed part of the church. In three and a half years, the church was restored. In the summer of 2009, icon painters under the guidance of A.A. Lavdansky painted the altar. By the end of 2009, the restoration was completed, and the church was ready for consecration. For almost 70 years, the Trinity Monastery was without its main altar, as the Church of the Holy Trinity was blown up in 1942. By the blessing of Patriarch Kirill, the restored Sergius Church was reconsecrated in the name of the Holy Life-Giving Trinity. On August 15, 2010, Patriarch Kirill performed the great consecration of the church and led the liturgy.

On September 3, 2010, the relics of St. Varlaam were transferred to the Church of the Holy Trinity. On June 21, 2012, the right chapel of the church was consecrated in honor of St. Sergius of Radonezh. The solemn consecration and liturgy were led by Archbishop Theognost of Sergiev Posad.