In 1872, the renowned industrialist and railway magnate Pavel Grigorievich von Derwies founded the Children's Hospital of St. Vladimir in Sokolniki in memory of his son Vladimir, who died in infancy. The hospital complex, designed by Professor of Architecture R.A. Gedike and consisting of eight buildings with 180 beds, was opened in 1876. At the founder's request, 100 places were designated for free treatment of children from low-income families. From 1881 to 1883, a church in honor of the Holy Trinity was built according to the design of architect A.P. Popov.

The church is executed in the neo-Russian style, inspired by Moscow church architecture of the 17th century. Its square base is set on a high stylobate and adorned with kokoshniks topped with a single dome on a drum. The facades are decorated with painted tiles. To the west, a bell tower with a tented roof adjoins the base, and to the east, a wide altar apse with a small dome. The interiors of the church were decorated with Italian marble and various types of wood, while the church utensils, created according to the sketches of Professor D.A. Grimm, were brought from Lugano. The under-church housed the family burial vault of the von Derwies family, where Pavel Grigorievich and his relatives were buried.

In the early 1920s, the Trinity Church was closed, and the building was used as a dormitory, losing almost all of its interior decor. In the 1960s, a fire destroyed the remnants of the interiors, after which a boiler room for the Rusakov Hospital was placed here, as the former St. Vladimir's Hospital was called during Soviet times. The facades suffered from fire and neglect, and the tiles were partially broken.

The revival of the Church of the Holy Trinity began in 1994. Today it is once again open and functions as a chapel for the hospital, which has been returned to its historical name.