The stone church dedicated to the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God was built in 1776 on the Cathedral Square of the Kolomna Kremlin, funded by local merchant Ivan Timofeevich Meshchaninov under Bishop Theodosius III of Kolomna. It is believed that the church was constructed on the site of an old wooden one.

In 1861, with the blessing of Metropolitan Filaret Drozdov of Moscow and Kolomna, merchant Philip Nazarovich Tupitsin initiated the dismantling of the old church and the construction of a new, more spacious one with five domes and three altars. The new church was dedicated to the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, the Righteous Simeon the God-Receiver, and the Prophetess Anna, as well as the icon of the Mother of God "Relieve My Sorrows." After the reconstruction, Saint Filaret consecrated the church.

After the revolution, the heating boiler was removed from the church, but services continued even in winter. In the late 1920s, the church was closed, its interior decoration was destroyed, and the domes were demolished. It was returned to the community of the Assumption Cathedral in 1989 in this state. In the 1990s, all five domes were restored, the iconostases of the side chapels were completed, and the dome and sails were painted. The new iconostases featured icons of Russian saints such as Sergius of Radonezh, Seraphim of Sarov, John of Kronstadt, Dmitry Donskoy, and others. The western wall of the church was adorned with a painting of the "Last Judgment," which included recently canonized saints such as Blessed Matrona and the Royal Passion-Bearers. All work was carried out by Kolomna craftsmen.

On the western side, the church is adjoined by a tent-shaped bell tower from the 17th century. In the 1920s, its bells were destroyed, but thanks to the efforts of the community, new ones were produced. The largest of them weighs over 2 tons and is named "Pimen" in honor of the late Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia. It was cast in Voronezh in 1990 and became the first large bell in the city.

The restoration of the church was made possible by the efforts of Kolomna artists who completely painted it and prepared it for episcopal consecration. On July 9, 2009, on the feast of the Tikhvin Icon of the Mother of God, Metropolitan Juvenal of Krutitsy and Kolomna performed the Great Episcopal Consecration of the church.