Mount Transfiguration, located in the center of Old Orsk, is an important and sacred place for the entire region. It was named in honor of the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord, which coincided with the arrival of the Russians at the mouth of the Or River in August 1735. It was here, on August 15, 1735, under the guidance of State Councilor Ivan Kirillovich Kirilov, that the first Orenburg fortress with four bastions and a small citadel was laid. After Kirilov's death, it was decided to move the construction of the city of Orenburg downstream of the Yaik River, and the former site was named Orsk Fortress. Thus, Mount Transfiguration became the site of the founding of two cities and a symbol of the development of the steppe region by Russian settlers.

In 1751, a semi-stone church of the Transfiguration of the Lord was built on the mountain, which stood until 1888. The building combined baroque elements and features of Russian architecture. However, on July 27, 1888, a fire destroyed the dilapidated church, and the need arose for the construction of a new temple. According to church reports, it was listed as "under construction" until 1903, but the date on the bell tower indicates that the main work was carried out in 1894. The church was consecrated on June 29, 1903, and represented an eclectic style with elements of Russian architecture and baroque, built according to the project of architect Mikhail Arefyevich Shchurupov.

In the 1930s, all churches in Orsk were closed, and only the bell tower remained from the previous temple. In September 1991, a movement began to restore the church on Mount Transfiguration. The Transfiguration parish decided in 1993 to restore the temple to its original form, rejecting other projects.

In the fall of 1996, large-scale construction began, and on May 19, 1998, the fully restored Spaso-Transfiguration Church was consecrated by Metropolitan Leonid of Orenburg and Buzuluk.

Today, the temple complex includes the Church of the Transfiguration, the temple of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, a chapel of St. Seraphim of Sarov, a Sunday school transformed into a parish school, and a gymnasium named after the Holy Royal Martyrs, opened on September 1, 2002.