A monument dated between 1808 and 1834, made of stone, belongs to the Chita and Transbaikal dioceses. Currently, it is used by the Barguzin Orthodox community, and only the southern chapel, dedicated to the Most Holy Theotokos, is functioning, while restoration work is underway in other parts.

The main part of the church is divided by longitudinal walls into three chapels. The first housed the main altar in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, the southern one in the name of the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos, and the northern one in the name of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. The roof of the church is made of iron.

In 1808, a wooden church was built in the village of Barguzin, and in late May 1834, thanks to funding from local merchant Ivan Chernykh, a stone church was erected in its place. In September of the same year, it was consecrated by priest Nikolai Rubtsov. The church's plan was a square with an attached bell tower and service rooms to the west. There was no altar projection on the eastern side. The main volume of the church was divided into three naves, with the central one being twice as wide as the side ones. The main altar was located in the central nave, the southern, "warm" one was dedicated to the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos, and the northern, "cold," was dedicated to Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. Entrance to the church was through the lower tier of the bell tower with a two-columned porch above the entrance platform. The warm chapel could be accessed through another porch. The interiors of the church were without paintings, and the main decoration was the iconostases.

In 1939, a decree was issued to close the Transfiguration Cathedral. After that, in 1940, the church building was converted into a cinema, which opened on December 31, 1940. Later, it housed a repair workshop for the local household services combine.

The Orthodox parish was re-registered on March 29, 1993, and on January 5, 1995, the church building was handed over to it. On September 28, 1999, the Transfiguration parish was registered as a legal entity.

In 2009, a board of trustees for the restoration of the church was created, headed by the chairman of the People's Khural of the Republic of Buryatia, Matvey Matveevich Gershevich.

In the fall of 2011, crosses were installed on the domes of the cathedral, and on January 24, 2012, the Annunciation chapel of the church was consecrated.

On June 18, 2013, Bishop Savvatiy of Ulan-Ude and Buryatia performed the rite of great consecration of the main Transfiguration chapel of the Spaso-Transfiguration Church in the village of Barguzin and conducted the Divine Liturgy in the newly consecrated chapel.