The church was built in 1905 with funds from merchants brothers Alexander, Nikolai, and Sergey Stefanovich Yermolaev-Zverev and was consecrated on February 5, 1906. Later, they also financed the construction of a shelter for the elderly and children at the church. Each brother donated 8,000 rubles for the church, 22,000 for the children's shelter, and 6,000 for a refuge for the incurably ill. Annually, they allocated 160 rubles for the maintenance of the church clergy. The shelter had a bookbinding workshop and a printing house, where not only 20 wards were trained but also visiting teenagers. Later, a blacksmithing and locksmithing school was opened. The brothers also donated another estate for poor widows with children. In the documents of that time, this complex was called the "Seraphim Charitable House." The iconostasis of the church in the name of Seraphim of Sarov was made of pine, in three tiers, with gilded carvings, and the royal gates were also gilded. A chapel in the name of Theodosius of Chernigov, consecrated in September 1899, was attached to the church, located in the New Trading Rows. Today, the building on Soviet Street houses the military commandant's office and the prosecutor's office. The chapel was built with funds from merchants trading in these rows.

In the early 1920s, the "Saint Seraphim Asylum," as the charitable institution was named by the Soviet authorities, was closed, as was the Seraphim of Sarov Church. Families of workers settled in the buildings of the shelters and refuges. The dome of the church and the upper tiers of the bell tower were demolished. In 1976, the building was transferred to the archival department of the Tula Regional Executive Committee. In 1991, the church was recognized as a monument of history and culture of regional significance.

In August 2002, archival documents were removed, and the Seraphim of Sarov Church was returned to the Tula Diocese. On October 4, 2002, Bishop Kirill of Tula and Belev held the first liturgy there. In January 2004, an altar in the name of the Venerable Seraphim of Vyritsa, in the world Vasily Nikolaevich Muravyov, was arranged in the church. Here, relics of Seraphim of Sarov, his robe, and the relics of the Diveyevo saints Martha and Alexandra are also kept.

The church houses a waist icon of Venerable Seraphim of Sarov with a particle of his relics and his full-length icon with a particle of his robe. Among the relics is also an icon of the Venerable Diveyevo women Alexandra, Martha, and Elena with particles of their relics, and an icon of the glorified nuns of the Diveyevo Monastery Paraskeva, Pelageya, and Maria.

In 2006 and 2007, a dome drum of the church with an onion-shaped head, decorated with bas-reliefs of Venerable Seraphim and the Diveyevo holy women, was installed. As explained by the church rector, Archpriest Sergey Mosiagin, the drum was designed without using old photographs of the church, as they had not yet been found. In 2008, the bell tower was restored. A Orthodox spiritual center has been opened at the church, where discussions with the priest take place, films are shown, tea parties are organized, and a library operates.