The village of Rozhdestveno is located on the right bank of the Volga, opposite Samara, and is one of the largest settlements in the Samara Bend with a population of about five thousand people. Founded in 1578, it was named after the Church of the Nativity of Christ. In some sources, the village is referred to as Khristorozhdestvenskoye. In 1767, by decree of Catherine II, brothers Grigory and Vladimir Orlov became the owners of the settlements in the Samara Bend, including Rozhdestveno. In 1831, the village passed to Ekaterina Novoseltseva, the daughter of Count Vladimir Orlov, who built a stone chapel on the site of the burned wooden church. The chapel stood until the mid-1990s but did not survive.

In 1843, a stone church in the style of provincial classicism was built with funds from Novoseltseva, based on a design by architect Mikhail Petrovich Korinthsky Varentsov, who was then the chief architect of the Simbirsk Governorate, which included Samara.

In 1918, the bell tower was destroyed, the dome with the cross was removed, and the iconostasis and altar were damaged. Stone coffins with the remains of Novoseltseva and her nephew were removed, and it is believed that the faithful secretly reburied them. In the same year, priest Mikhail Smirnov was shot. After its closure, the church was used as a club, warehouse, and gym, remaining in neglect for a long time.

In 1991, the church was transferred to the Russian Orthodox Church. In 1994, restoration work began, and the dome was restored by a team led by artist-restorer Dmitry Arutchev. In August 2008, a permanent dome with a diameter of 10 meters and weighing 4500 kg was installed under the guidance of architect Yuri Ivanovich Kharitonov. The church's iconostasis was created by the masters of Viktor Krutilin's team.

By a decree of the Administration of the Samara Region dated August 8, 2013, the Church of the Nativity of Christ in the village of Rozhdestveno was included in the unified state register of monuments of history and culture of the peoples of the Russian Federation.