The church was built in 1804 with funds from landowner Grigory Melgunov, a descendant of an ancient Russian family. It housed three altars: the main one was dedicated to the Nativity of Christ, the right altar was in honor of the Kazan Mother of God icon, and the left altar was dedicated to Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. The church building could accommodate up to 700 parishioners.

A library operated at the church, and it owned 33 acres of arable land and 600 square fathoms of homestead land. Since 1888, a church school for literacy was functioning in the church watchman's house. In 1900, near the Church of the Nativity of Christ in the village of Mullovka, to the north was the house of merchant Andrei Grigoryevich Markov, owner of the local distillery, and to the east, his garden. Between them ran a public road leading from the church to the village of Bryandino and to the dam, where the baptism ceremony took place, accompanied by a procession of the residents of Mullovka on the day of the Epiphany.