The Church of the Nativity of Christ is located in the village of Baryshskaya Sloboda, situated in the Sursky District of the Ulyanovsk Region, between the Sura and Barysh rivers. The first mentions of the settlement date back to 1467 and are associated with Tsar Ivan the Terrible, while the village was officially recorded in 1552. The name of the village likely originated from Lake Baran, later renamed Baryshskaya Sloboda, which united two neighboring settlements. Initially, the village served as a watchpoint. In 1911, about 6000 people lived here. The Church of the Nativity of Christ was not the first church in this place; between 1717 and 1764, churches were built in honor of the Assumption of the Mother of God and Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker. The Church of the Nativity of Christ was erected in 1787. During the Soviet era, the temple suffered greatly, but in the early 21st century, its reconstruction and repair began.