The winter single-domed church in the name of the Nativity of Christ, located south of the Pokrovsky Cathedral, was built in 1804 in the Baroque style with the permission of the Moscow governor A. A. Bekleshev. It was in conflict with Metropolitan Platon, who was an opponent of Old Believers. The church, equipped with a heating system, was used for services from Pokrov (October 14) until Holy Saturday of the following year; at other times, services were held in the unheated Pokrovsky Cathedral. Inside the church, two independent chapels were arranged, decorated with paintings in the ancient style and numerous icons. In 1812, the church was looted by the French, as evidenced by icons with saber marks.

In the early 20th century, the church became the venue for several Old Believer councils. In 1929, the Nativity Church was closed. In the 1920s, the dome and rotunda were damaged by fire and were dismantled, the wall paintings were destroyed, and the liturgical utensils were plundered.

The church building was converted into a cafeteria for workers, and toilets were set up on the site of the former porch. Over the years, various workshops and a bomb shelter were located inside the church. In the 1970s, the premises of the church were occupied by the 'Soyuzattraktsion', which established a base for gaming machines here.

In February 1995, the buildings were returned to the Russian Orthodox Old Believer Church. In November 2007, restoration work began, conducted by the 'Vozrozhdenie' concern. In 2008, the head, drum, and dome of the church, absent for more than 70 years, were restored. On December 2 of the same year, a ceremonial installation of the cross on the dome took place, and the height of the church reached 47 meters. On December 24, 2008, the church was completely freed from scaffolding. Restorers restored the windows to their historical locations, repaired the brickwork with subsequent painting and toning, as well as the white stone decor. The church's undercroft was cleared of debris and excess soil. In the interiors of the church, the solea and pulpit were restored based on natural remnants, and the wall paintings were restored. By January 2012, the restoration work was fully completed.

In 2012, the site became a laureate of the Moscow Government's competition for the best project in the field of preservation and popularization of cultural heritage sites 'Moscow Restoration.'