The village of Belogornoe was founded by Old Believers in 1666, away from main roads and large settlements. The Old Believers, who left Moscow after the reforms of Patriarch Nikon and Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, settled in a ravine called Klimov Dol. Under Catherine II, the persecutions ceased, and the settlement became state-owned, receiving the name Samodurovka in "honor" of its residents. People began to arrive from the Penza, Kostroma, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kursk provinces. According to the 1859 census, there were 1,628 men and 1,663 women living in Samodurovka, totaling 469 households. There was an Orthodox prayer house in the village.

In 1910, an Orthodox church was built in Samodurovka thanks to the efforts of parishioners, who, along with the village of Pokrovka, numbered over 7,000 people. The church was wooden with a bell tower, and the altar was consecrated in the name of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Houses for clergy belonged to the church parish administration. The village had a church parish school and two district schools.

During the Soviet era, the church was closed, and many believers faced repression. In 1961, the village was renamed Belogornoe.

The modern church in Belogornoe was laid down in 1997 at the request of local residents. On October 8, 1997, with the blessing of Archbishop Alexander Timofeev of Saratov and Volsk, Priest Alexander Tkachev conducted the rite of foundation for the church. The construction became possible thanks to the support of V. V. Volodin and other benefactors. The church was completed in 1999.

In 2013-2014, extensive renovation work was carried out in the church. The building was finished, new wall paintings were made, a new iconostasis was installed, and the area around the church was improved.

On December 30, 2014, Metropolitan Longin of Saratov and Volsk, with the clergy of the Volsk deanery, performed the rite of the Great Consecration of the church.