This church is a unique architectural monument and a vivid example of the Naryshkin style, as well as an outstanding work of decorative and applied art.

The church has two altars: the upper, summer church is dedicated to the Unmade Image of Christ, while the lower, winter church is dedicated to the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos.

The church was built in the late 17th century, between 1690 and 1694, by boyar Lev Kirillovich Naryshkin, who was the uncle of Peter I, in his estate in Fil'y. The architect was the serf Yakov Bukhvostov.

The legend of the church's creation is linked to the events of the Streltsy Uprising of 1682, when, after the death of Tsar Fyodor Alexeyevich, the question of succession was being decided among the children of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich from two marriages. Relatives of the first wife, the Miloslavskys, sought to push the Naryshkins away from the throne. As a result, among the supporters of Tsarevich Peter, two older brothers of Lev Kirillovich, Ivan and Afanasy, were killed by the Streltsy. Lev Kirillovich, hidden by Tsarina Natalia Kirillovna in the women's quarters of the royal palace, prayed to the icon of the Unmade Image of Christ, vowing to build a church if he were spared from death. Seven years later, he fulfilled his promise by dismantling the old wooden church in Fil'y and laying the foundation for a new stone one.

There is a legend that Peter I allocated 400 golden chervonets from the treasury for the decoration of the church. The author of the carved decoration was Karp Ivanovich Zolotoryov, a renowned master of the Armory.

The history of the church in Fil'y, which belonged to the Naryshkin family until 1868, is rich with significant events. On June 7, 1763, Empress Catherine II visited Fil'y while en route to Moscow for her coronation. She attended a service in the church. The first records of the church's renovation date back to 1782, when significant work was done on the interior of the lower church under the supervision of the famous architect M.F. Kazakov. The church suffered greatly during the Patriotic War of 1812 when Napoleon's soldiers turned it into stables. Restoration was made possible through generous donations, with major work carried out between 1850 and 1853 funded by the parish elder merchant I.P. Gladilin. The church remained active until July 1941. The Great Patriotic War caused significant damage to its architecture. Until 1943, it housed a hospital, and then, until 1963, a warehouse for paper products.

In 1952, the first restoration work began. In 1971, the memorial church was transferred to the Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art named after Andrei Rublev. The main volume of restoration work was completed by 1980.

On October 14, 1992, the first service was held in the lower church, and regular festive services resumed here on March 28, 2000. The original furnishings that have survived include the church icon "Intercession of the Mother of God," the icon "Three Joys," and the oak altar, one of the oldest preserved altars.

In 2021, a comprehensive restoration of the building began, during which specialists will restore the facades, roof, windows and doors, stairs, and waterproofing.