Since 1728, workers at the factory began requesting the construction of a church in Polevskoy to establish spiritual life in the settlement. On June 29, 1730, on the day of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, the abbot Philip laid the church in their honor. He informed the Metropolitan of Tobolsk, Antoniy Stakhovsky, that there were 125 households in the Polevskoy factory, and the nearest villages were at a significant distance. The factory residents expressed their desire to build the church at their own expense and support a priest.

In 1731, the construction of the wooden church was completed, and it was consecrated. From that moment, the Polevskoy factory was considered a full-fledged village. Due to the abundance of forests and the lack of brick masons, the first churches in the Urals were built of wood. Russian wooden architecture had its own style, and instead of domes, pointed tents were used. The windows were small and glazed with mica, creating a dim light inside.

The bell tower of the church had five bells, the largest weighing 15 poods and 19 pounds. The wooden church served for over forty years, after which it was decided to build a stone one. In 1772, stone masons from Ustyug and Solikamsk were invited, but construction faced problems due to unreliable soil. In 1786, a new church was laid, which was completed in 1793. The old wooden church was dismantled in 1800.

By the 1830s, there was a need to rebuild the church as it could not accommodate all the parishioners. Architect Malakhov studied the condition of the building and prepared a project costing over 7100 rubles in silver. In 1848, funds were raised for a new roof, and in 1857, the church elder became merchant Ferapont Zubov, who significantly improved the condition of the church.

On January 6, 2009, the restoration of the bell tower was completed, and on March 23 of the same year, the church was given 20,000 copies of the New Testament for free distribution. On July 15, 2009, a solemn service was held in honor of the 15th anniversary of the return of the shrine to the believers. In 2011, the rehabilitation center for drug addicts 'Podvizhnik' celebrated its 10th anniversary.

Today, the Peter and Paul parish is actively engaged in missionary and social activities, supports a spiritual and educational center, Sunday schools, and a rehabilitation monastery. Celebrations in honor of the saints are held, and acts of mercy for those in need are organized. Since 1995, a children's Sunday school has been operating at the church, where more than one hundred thirty children have acquired skills to live according to Christian commandments. The school employs fifteen teachers and conducts classes in various subjects. In 2010, the school celebrated its 15th anniversary.