In 1648, a wooden church with five domes was built here at the expense of the monastery in honor of Peter and Paul, with chapels dedicated to the saints Peter, Alexius, and Jonah. Since then, the village officially began to be called Petrovsk or Petropavlovsk, although the old name remained for a long time.

In September 1716, the church burned down. In the same year, the Kazan Metropolitan Tikhon issued permission for the construction of a new wooden church and fundraising. Two churches were built in the village: a cold one dedicated to Peter and Paul and a warm one in honor of the Protection of the Holy Virgin. In 1880, the clerical record noted: "When the first church in the village of Petrovsk was built is unknown. It is only known that there were originally two wooden churches. One burned down, the other was destroyed due to old age."

On July 4, 1787, the Kazan Spiritual Consistory granted permission for construction, and in the same month, the laying of a new stone church began. Two years later, on August 5, 1789, Timofeev complained to the Urzhum Spiritual Administration about the "negligence" of the parishioners in the construction of the church, as they did not provide enough firewood and timber. In the summer of 1789, construction stopped due to a lack of funds for expensive materials. On December 11, Archbishop Ambrose appealed to Governor-General P.S. Meshchersky for assistance in completing the construction. Meshchersky entrusted this matter to the Vyatka district chief through the Urzhum lower zemstvo court.

In September 1791, the warm chapel was completed and decorated. On October 1, by the order of Bishop Lavrenty, the warm chapel was consecrated by Father Alexey Ivanov in the name of the Protection of the Mother of God.

In the following years, the church continued to be improved. In 1819, the clerical record reported that the church was well supplied with utensils but needed to replace the wooden roof with an iron one. By 1839, the roof of the warm church was still wooden. In 1852, it was reported that the church had earthen floors, an iron roof, and a wooden fence around it.

On September 2, 1833, a new iconostasis was built in the cold church, which was gilded.

In June 1911, the church suffered greatly from a fire: the bell tower burned down, the large bell cracked, the roofs and fence burned, the windows cracked, and the paint burned off. All of this was restored by 1915, and the bell was replaced with a new one.

During World War I, the parish showed charity by providing shelter and food to many refugees in 1915.

On October 18, 1924, the church was included in the list of monuments of church architecture in the Vyatka province, but this did not save it from closure and destruction.

The first attempt to close the church was made in 1937. On September 7, the Presidium of the Urzhum District Executive Committee decided on the dissolution of the church group. On September 18, the believers formed a new group of 54 people, but it was not certified. On October 9, the Urzhum District Executive Committee appealed to the Kirov Oblast Executive Committee for the closure of the church, claiming that no applications had been received from the believers. However, on December 29, 1937, this petition was rejected.

On January 5, 1938, a special commission inspected the church building and found it in good condition.

In early 1940, the church was unilaterally closed by Chairman Artemyev, who held meetings in favor of closure and imprisoned three priests. False reports about the alleged refusal of believers from the church were sent to the center. On May 25, 1940, the Executive Committee of the Kirov Regional Council decided to close the church.

On November 29, 1940, believers reported on the destruction caused by the new club employee Simanov. The church was not transferred to the club and remained unattended.

After the closure, believers repeatedly requested the reopening of the church but received refusals. In the late 1940s, the authorities denied the transfer of the church, citing the proximity of the functioning church in the village of Rozhdestvenskoye. The believers argued that the Bui River hindered access to the church during the flood period.

On July 18, 1951, the church building was transferred to the Petrovsk MTS. It was reported that the building was used for grain storage and was not damaged by exploitation.

In 1992, the church building was handed over to the believers for restoration. The Petrovsky collective farm spent 800 thousand rubles on roof repairs, the installation of scaffolding, and the delivery of crosses.