The village of Novopetropavlovsk, located in the Shadrinsk district, is situated 180 versts southeast of Yekaterinburg. It sprawls across a plain by three small rivers: Tatarka, Barnevka, and Chyornaya, which often dry up in summer. Before the church was built and the parish was formed, the village was called Tatarka, named after the river on which it stood. According to legend, the village of Tatarka was founded by settlers from the village of Taushkanova, located two versts from the village, although the exact date of its founding is unknown. After the construction of the church in honor of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, the village received a new name, Petropavlovsk, and in 1871 the word 'Novo' was added to distinguish it from another Petropavlovsk in the Shadrinsk district, which is located on the left bank of the Techa River.

The Novo-Petropavlovsk parish includes the village itself, the settlement of Klyuchi, and the village of Taushkanova. These settlements are located nearby and form one rural community. The parish has 4,840 parishioners of both genders, and there are no schismatics or sectarians among them.

In 1753, elected representatives of the Uksyansky parish, including the villages of Tatarka, Taushkanova, and Lebyazhya, appealed to Metropolitan Silvester of Tobolsk and Siberia with a request to build a wooden church in Tatarka in honor of the holy apostles Peter and Paul. The metropolitan granted permission for the construction of the church and the establishment of a separate parish. However, the exact date of the construction and consecration of the first church in Novopetropavlovsk is unknown. It is only known that in 1762 the church was severely damaged by fire, and in 1765 it was restored and existed until 1836, when it was closed due to dilapidation.

In 1824, with the blessing of Bishop Justin of Perm, a new stone church was laid in Novopetropavlovsk in honor of the holy apostles Peter and Paul, with an altar on the northern side in honor of Saint Catherine the Great Martyr. The altar was consecrated in 1836, and the main church in 1845. In 1859, a stone fence was built around the church.

In 1883 and 1890, the church was expanded. Instead of one altar, two were built: on the southern side in honor of the icon of the Mother of God 'Relieve My Sorrows', and on the northern side, in honor of Saint Catherine the Great Martyr. At that time, a new stone fence with iron grilles appeared around the church. The southern altar was consecrated in 1886, while the northern altar, due to cracks and other damages requiring repairs, was consecrated only in January 1901.

The Novopetropavlovsk church has no remarkable items, famous personalities, or chapels. The church owns two houses, three wooden barns, and 15 shops. Since 1898, a mixed church school for literacy has been operating in the village.