The architectural ensemble of the ancient High-Petrov Monastery includes various buildings from the 16th and 18th centuries. The first stone structure was the cathedral in the name of Metropolitan Peter, built by architect Alevis Frazin Novy.

The gate church, dedicated to St. Pachomius the Great (later renamed the Church of Peter and Paul), was erected between 1753 and 1755 at the initiative of Archimandrite Pachomius in the Elizabethan Baroque style. It is believed that the project was developed by architect D.V. Ukhtomsky. The church is an octagon on a square base with a closed eight-vaulted ceiling, a decorative dome, and a five-sided apse. An open gallery connects the temple with the Brotherhood cells built in the late 17th century. The foundation of the building includes an arch of the entrance gate with a high cylindrical vault and flanking chambers. These white-stone gates belonged to the estate of the boyars of the 16th century, which in the 17th century was owned by Peter I's grandfather, Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin. The white-stone part of the main house of the estate was partially dismantled in the late 17th century when the Brotherhood cells were built into its volume. The facade decor includes intricate window frames, multi-profile cornices, order elements of pilasters, window aprons, and brackets made of white stone. The central part is adorned with an order of paired pilasters, and the arch is framed by a wide archivolt.

After the church was looted by Napoleon's troops in 1812, it was abolished. In 1914, it was reconsecrated in the name of Peter and Paul. In the 1920s, the monastery was closed, and the church lost its decorative adornments. Only the cornices of the square base and the altar part remained.

During the restoration of the church from 1951 to 1969, the original columns were discovered and later additions to the gates were dismantled. The refectory was removed from the upper tier, and the western facade was faced. In 1997, the church was returned to the church.

In 2016, extensive work was carried out to restore the historical appearance of the church. Restorers restored the brickwork of the walls, renovated the vault of the square base, and recreated the wooden rafter system of the apse roof. The plaster and stucco decor of the walls was recreated. Samples of joinery fillings from Moscow Baroque of the mid-18th century were used for the windows and doors. During the restoration of the facades, the original details were preserved as much as possible.