The church is called Sukhoprudskaya to distinguish it from the nearby Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker on Peski. This name is likely related to the fact that the river Shchelkovitsa and the pond near the church almost dry up every summer. Before the Polish invasion and the destruction of Uglich in 1609, there was a monastery of St. John the Theologian here, which, according to chronicles, was looted and burned by the Poles.

The current stone church of Nikolosukhoprudskaya has two chapels in the summer part and was expanded and arranged through the efforts of the parishioners: the warm part was completed in 1855, and the cold part in 1881. The church has three altars: of the Holy Apostle and John the Theologian, of the Sign of the Mother of God and John Chrysostom, as well as of the Venerable Macarius of Yellow Water, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and Saints Cosmas and Damian. The icons of the Mother of God "Joy of All Who Sorrow" and the Tikhvin Mother of God are especially venerated. Among the church's relics is a silver, gilded cross with relics, and an ancient icon of the Sign of the Mother of God. In 1822, a fire destroyed the western part of the city, including the temple, but the icon of the Sign of the Mother of God miraculously survived. The image of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, also ancient, was saved during the Polish invasion and, according to legend, was found at the dry pond.

The church owns a two-story house for clergy with a garden. There is also an empty land plot of 546 square fathoms at the corner of Voskresenskaya and Novotroitskaya streets, donated to the church. The church treasury holds a capital of 1288 rubles and 36 kopecks, to which a ticket for 5,000 rubles was added in 1905 for church repairs and memorial services. The parishioners number 296 men and 365 women. Since 1891, an orphanage has been operating in the parish, supported by a capital of 18,000 rubles donated by merchant Dmitry Alexandrovich Zharenov. More than 20 orphaned girls are cared for with these funds. The church staff includes a priest and a psalmist, and the parish capital amounts to 6,540 rubles.