The Kazan Church in Vladimir existed as early as the 17th century and was located in the Yamskaya sloboda, behind the Golden Gates, on the site of the modern Dzerzhinsky Street. It is believed that it was built before the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God began to be venerated in Russia and originally had a different name. In 1694, another wooden Kazan Church was built nearby. Both structures burned down in 1778, along with most of the Yamskaya sloboda, which was relocated after the fire. In the same year, with the funds from parishioners, the construction of a stone Kazan Church began, which was consecrated in 1782.

The church, designed in the classical style, had three altars: in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God, in the name of the Three Holy Hierarchs, Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, and John Chrysostom, on the southern side, and in the name of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, on the northern side. In 1838, Alexander Herzen and his cousin Natalia Zakharina secretly married here. The wedding faced difficulties: the priest refused to conduct the ceremony without the bishop's permission. Herzen appealed to Archbishop Parfeny, who agreed, but only after receiving all the necessary documents. On the day of the wedding, Herzen found the archbishop not at home and turned to his confessor, Hieromonk John, who wrote a note for the priest granting permission for the wedding. At the ceremony, Herzen forgot the rings, and there were no singers in the church. Later, the writer recalled leaving Vladimir with a sense of anxiety, foreseeing that their family life would not be happy. The marriage indeed turned out to be unhappy, and both were unfaithful to each other. In 1938, services in the church ceased due to the building's dilapidation, and it was used as a warehouse. During the Great Patriotic War, a hospital was set up here. Believers asked for the church to be reopened, but their requests were denied. In 1950, a cinema called 'Burevestnik' opened in the building. Later, there were plans to create a museum of the Great Patriotic War, but this did not happen. In June 1966, the building was demolished with tanks, and ten years later, a monument was erected in its place to the residents of Vladimir who perished in the war, with an Eternal Flame. Since 1975, the square has been called Victory Square.

In 2008, at the initiative of the administration of Vladimir and the Vladimir-Suzdal Diocese, a new Kazan Church was built. Since the Eternal Flame burned at the site of the old church, the new building was erected nearby. The church and the memorial form a unified complex in memory of the fallen soldiers. The ceremony for laying the foundation involved former mayor of Vladimir Alexander Rybakov and Archbishop of Vladimir and Suzdal Evlogy.

The new building was designed in the spirit of pre-Mongol architecture by architect Alexander Nikolaevich Trofimov.