The Kazan Church, located west of the Kremlin, was built in 1778 and is notable for its slenderness and height. The church in the main trading square of the city has existed since ancient times. The Trading Square previously included three parts: Bread, Hay, and Forest. The first wooden church, built in the 14th-15th centuries, was dedicated to St. George the Great Martyr. By the early 17th century, there was already a church dedicated to the icon of the Mother of God "Passion" with two chapels, those of George and Michael Malein. During the Time of Troubles, the church, like all of Uglich, was burned down, and trading shops appeared in its place. Only in 1638 was a new church built, dedicated to the Kazan icon of the Mother of God, wooden, with three tents and two chapels. Its construction was associated with the vow of Elder Varlaam. The church housed the main Kazan altar and four others: George, Michael Malein, Blessed Eudokia, and Alexius, the man of God, which may indicate the elder's connection to the royal family. A miraculous icon, handed down by the elder, was kept here.

The modern church, built in the late 18th century in the Baroque style, is two-storied and reaches upward like a candle. Its main part is topped with two narrow octagons and a small dome on a high drum. The tall and narrow windows of the square with Baroque frames emphasize its verticality. The refectory, usually long, is short here and also two-storied, which maintains the slenderness of the building. Above the church rises a three-tiered bell tower in the classical style, added after the fire of 1793. The old bell tower was dismantled, and the new one began construction in 1807, completing the work only by 1814, possibly due to the war with Napoleon. The bell tower is adorned with columns, pediments, and lucarnes. Initially, it was topped with a high spire, later replaced with a dome. The interior decoration of the church was magnificent: a gilded iconostasis, frescoes by the master S.A. Nenastyev. The lower floor housed the miraculous image of the Kazan Mother of God. The church was not parochial; it was supported by merchants and traders.

In 1921, the Trading Square burned down, and the Kazan Church suffered greatly, with its interior being burned and the bell tower collapsing. It was restored, and the church was assigned to the parish of the neighboring Assumption Church, which did not survive. In 1935, during the construction of the Uglich Hydroelectric Power Station, the church was closed and handed over to the builders. The church was used as a water tower, warehouse, and dormitory. In 2000, the church was returned to the believers, and its restoration began. In 2006, the bell tower regained its "voice" thanks to a large bell weighing 50 poods, cast in Tutayev by N. Shuvakov. The church is now surrounded by Soviet-era buildings, and a park with a playground has been laid out around it.