The oldest Mother of God-Kazan parish in Tolyatti is the historical successor of the Trinity Cathedral, founded when the city of Stavropol-on-Volga was established and built in 1738. On August 28, 1964, the city of Stavropol was renamed Tolyatti. Over more than 200 years of existence, the cathedral has been rebuilt and even relocated multiple times. In 1842, a 55-meter bell tower was built next to the Trinity Cathedral, and a warm church with an altar was arranged, the main altar of which was consecrated in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. After 1877, the altar in the central chapel of the restored cathedral was consecrated in honor of the Kazan Mother of God.

In 1936, the Trinity Cathedral was closed, but soon services resumed and continued until 1955, when the church was submerged due to the construction of the Volga Hydroelectric Power Station.

In the center of the relocated Stavropol, on a high bank of the Volga, a prayer house was built, which was opened on February 15, 1955. Bishop Hieronymus of Kuibyshev and Syzran consecrated two altars: the main one in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God and the side altar in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. In 1968, a stone bell tower was erected. In 1985, with the blessing of Bishop Ioann Snychev, the Mother of God-Kazan Church was built on the site of the prayer house. During the summer of 1985, the church was constructed, and the interior finishing continued for a year and a half.

On August 6, 1987, the church was consecrated by Archbishop Ioann Snychev of Kuibyshev and Syzran. In 1989, a baptistery in the name of Blessed Xenia of Petersburg was built at the church. In 1990, the reconstruction of the church began, during which a majestic bell tower was erected. In 1996, after strengthening the foundation, the church was raised and topped with five domes, becoming visible from afar.

In 2002, a kiot for the shroud was installed in the Kazan Church. During Holy Week, the Shroud is brought here, and the kiot with it is taken to the center of the church for veneration.

The Mother of God-Kazan Cathedral houses unique relics: the icon of the Kazan Mother of God, the icon of the Mother of God "Burning Bush" with a particle of the relics of the Holy Infants of Bethlehem, a reliquary with a particle of the relics of the Kyiv-Pechersk saints, the icon of St. Mitrophan of Voronezh with a particle of relics, a wooden icon of Elder Peter Chagrinsky, the icon of St. Blessed Matrona of Moscow, consecrated on her relics in Moscow, the holy crucifix from Golgotha, an ancient icon of St. Seraphim of Sarov, the icon of Sergius of Radonezh, and the icon of the Great Martyr Panteleimon the Healer.