The village of Bogoslovo is first mentioned in 1504 in a charter by Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III, which stated the non-judicial status of metropolitan villages and monasteries. By 1622, Bogoslovo was already referred to as a patriarchal village. The name of the village indicates the presence of a church dedicated to the same. It is known that at the end of the 17th century, the wooden Church of John the Theologian burned down. It is possible that subsequent buildings also suffered from fires, which remained a serious threat until 1833. At that time, local residents built a brick structure, which was expanded in 1876 with the addition of a warm refectory, where two chapels, the Protection and Nicholas chapels, were consecrated. The church is designed in the classical style: it is a two-light square with risalits and pediments, topped with a rotunda with a dome and a light drum. On the western side, the refectory and bell tower with a round ringing tier adjoin the church.

In 1937, the church was closed by the authorities and turned into a grain warehouse for the collective farm "Red October." In 1939, the bells were removed for melting down. From the 1950s to the 1980s, the church building housed warehouses for various organizations and a metalworking workshop.

In September 1994, the church was returned to the Orthodox community, and in January 1995, it received the status of an architectural monument.