The Church of St. Great Martyr Catherine, also known as St. Catherine's Church, is located in Feodosia opposite the Ayvazovskaya railway station, previously called Sarygol, near the bus station. This temple attracts attention with its bright and festive architectural appearance.

On April 21, 1892, on the birthday of Empress Catherine II, the church was laid in honor of St. Catherine to commemorate the annexation of Crimea to Russia during the reign of Catherine the Great.

The construction of the church was funded by the residents of Feodosia: the chief prosecutor of the Holy Synod donated 3000 rubles, and a significant contribution was made by Dr. of Mathematical Sciences V.I. Lapshin. City merchants provided building materials, and workers volunteered their labor on Sundays. The construction committee included respected citizens: the city mayor Altukhov, the rector of the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral Ivanitsky, and the engineer-builder of the Feodosia railway Mezheninov. The committee was led by V.K. Vinogradov, the director of the Feodosia men's gymnasium.

The church was affiliated with the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral. This is mentioned in the article "Revived the city and the new temple," published in the newspaper "Government Herald" No. 132 for 1892: "Since the city cathedral is dedicated to St. Alexander Nevsky, the church affiliated with it is proposed to be dedicated to St. Great Martyr Catherine, in memory also of the annexation during the reign of Empress Catherine the Great of the Taurida Peninsula to the Russian state. On the 21st of last April, on the birthday of Empress Catherine II, with the blessing of the Most Reverend Taurida Martinian, the rite of laying the new church in the name of St. Catherine was performed against the backdrop of the railway station in Feodosia. With a huge crowd of almost all Feodosians, a procession moved from the cathedral to the construction site of the temple."

St. Catherine's Church is a vivid example of Russian ecclesiastical architecture, built in the architectural traditions of the 17th century. Its foundation is based on a Greek cross plan, with walls on a high pedestal divided by columns. The entrance, framed by a portico, is located on the western side, above which rises a bell tower adorned with columns. The light drum is a pyramid topped with a small golden dome. On each side of the drum are four large arched windows with carved patterns. Light also enters the temple through rectangular windows in the walls. The top of the building is decorated with a system of kokoshniks, and the dome consists of five small domes painted blue and sprinkled with stars.

The history of St. Catherine's Church is closely linked to the life and death of Priest Andrei Kosovsky, who was the rector from 1901. After Crimea finally came under the control of the Reds in 1920, Father Andrei was arrested right in the church during a service coinciding with the feast day. He spent many months in captivity and was executed by the verdict of the investigative commission of the Cheka. In 2000, the synodal commission for the canonization of new martyrs included him among the saints, and in prayers, he is remembered as Andrei of Feodosia.

In 1937, the church was closed and turned into a warehouse, but in 1941 it was reopened by the German occupation authorities. Since then, it has remained one of the few functioning churches in Crimea.

In 1999, a church in honor of St. John the Baptist was added to St. Catherine's Church, along with a baptistery and a space for Sunday school. In 2002, major repairs began on the church, which evolved into the construction of other facilities. A complex was created, including spaces for Sunday school, a methodological office, a library, and a hotel.