In 1898, the first wooden church in honor of the Holy Twelve Apostles was built in Konny Square. The church was consecrated on December 17 of the same year by Bishop Pitirim of Tula and Belev. The place where the holy altar of the wooden church stood is now marked by a chapel at the western entrance. The wooden church was dismantled and moved to the village of Tovarkovo in the Bogoroditsky district.

On July 8, 1903, the construction of a new church began next to the wooden Church of the Twelve Apostles. Its builder is considered to be the local confectioner Vasily Evlampievich Serikov, who was later buried by the southern wall of the church. The construction was completed in 1908, and the tented bell tower was finished in 1909.

The church has three altars: the central one in honor of the Twelve Apostles, the right one in honor of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, and the left one in honor of St. Catherine the Great Martyr. The choir is located at the western gates on cast-iron columns. The church is five-domed, built of red brick, and designed in a style characteristic of many churches in the central region of Russia at that time. The window frames, pilasters with capitals, helmet-shaped arches, kokoshniks, balusters, and arcature are made of white limestone or painted white, creating the impression of white stone lace against the brick-red walls, which emphasizes the severity and solidity of the architecture, as well as the lightness and elegance of the structure.

The church's iconostasis is wooden, three-tiered, gilded, and decorated with carvings. The floors of the church and altar are laid with Mettlach tiles, and the walls are painted.

The church is adorned with copies of paintings by famous artists such as V. M. Vasnetsov, A. T. Markov, Yevgraf Semyonovich Sorokin, Heinrich Hofmann, and Bernhard Plokhorst. Among them, one can see "Crucifixion," "St. Equal-to-the-Apostles Prince Vladimir," "Lord Sabaoth," "12-Year-Old Jesus Among Teachers," and others.

Among the revered relics of the church are the icons of the Passion Savior, the Tikhvin Mother of God, the Dormition of the Mother of God, and St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, which were transferred from the Dormition Convent, closed in the 1930s. There are also icons of the Mother of God "Three-Handed" from the Church of St. George on Rzhavets and the Bogolyubskaya from the Church of Flora and Lavra.

In 1912, a parish school and a nursing home for the elderly were opened at the church.

The height of the dome inside the church is 21.5 meters, and the height of the ceiling in the main altar is 8 meters. The church can accommodate between 900 and 1350 people.

During the Soviet era, the church was not closed. The rector, Archpriest Mikhail Ponyatsky, who served here during the Great Patriotic War, was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow" in 1944.