On the site where the church currently stands, there was originally a cemetery. However, according to the construction plan of Tula from 1779, this area was designated for residential buildings. The oldest, western part of the cemetery was decided not to be demolished. It was here, at the intersection of the modern streets Marata and Chapayeva, that the church was built in honor of the Don Icon of the Mother of God in 1857 and 1864. The project of the church was developed by the architect of the Tula Arms Factory, M. A. Mikhailov. On February 3, 1856, the project was presented in St. Petersburg to the Department of Arts of the Main Administration of Transport and Public Buildings. After revisions in the capital, the project was approved by Emperor Alexander II on March 1, 1857.

Funds for the construction of the church were donated by armaments workers, with a significant contribution from Maxim Lyalin amounting to 10,000 rubles. Part of the money also came from Emperor Alexander II as a reward to Tula's armaments workers. The church was built in the 'tonov' style. In addition to the main altar, consecrated on September 27, 1864, there were two more altars in the church: the right one, consecrated on November 22, 1864, in the name of the Trinity, and the left one, consecrated on January 17, 1865, in the name of the Blessed Maxim the Confessor. In 1892, the construction of the bell tower began, lasting seven years. In 1894, a church parish school was opened at the church. The Don Church was closed on February 16, 1930, by the decree of the Presidium of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee. The building was planned to be used as a kindergarten or library, but these plans were not realized, and the church was demolished.

In the early 1990s, archaeologists discovered the foundation of the old church in the park. At the initiative of Vladimir Mogilnikov, head of the administration of the Proletarsky District, a new church in the name of the Don Icon of the Mother of God was built with voluntary donations from 97 labor collectives and 49 private individuals. It was consecrated on May 6, 1995. The height of the church, including the cross, exceeds 16 meters, and the internal area is 77 m².