The church was known even before the 17th century and was originally wooden. The interior was described as follows: "from the royal doors on the right side, there is a local stylized icon of Archangel Michael on gold, the royal doors without columns and without a vestibule on the prazelen, the Deesis above the royal doors on three stylized icons on gold, in the altar the icon of the Most Holy Theotokos on the prazelen." In front of the church stood a bell tower "on a pillar, covered with a tent, and it had small bells." On August 25, 1839, the temple burned down, but a new stone one with a Mitrophanov chapel was built in its place. Construction began in 1844, and in 1845 the chapel was consecrated. The main church was built and consecrated in 1867 with funds from parishioners and benefactors. It was stone, with a bell tower and a watchman's lodge, as indicated in the clerical records, and the utensils in it were mediocre. The church had two altars: the main one in honor of Archangel Michael and the chapel in honor of St. Mitrophan, Bishop of Voronezh. Although this church was not as beautiful as the cathedral, it bore the name of the same Archistrategos Michael and testified to the love of the residents of Mikhailovo for their patron. After the revolution, the church suffered the fate of many Russian churches. On April 29, 1940, it was closed by the decision of the regional executive committee and repurposed as a school. In 1959, a non-woven materials factory was placed in the church building.

Currently, the church is being restored. In 1997, a parish of Archangel Michael was re-established in the Shchetinovskaya sloboda of Mikhailovo. A part of the church's annex, the "Red Corner" of the factory, was transferred for worship, which was consecrated by Archimandrite Andrey Krekhov with the blessing of Archbishop Simon of Ryazan and Kasimov. The first rector was Priest Mikhail Ryabov.

In 2004, design work began on the restoration of the church. Only in 2009 was the church building freed, and work began to restore its former beauty.

On July 30, 2016, Metropolitan Mark of Ryazan and Mikhailovo performed a minor consecration of the church.