The last church named the Exaltation of the Cross burned down in 1677. In 1690, the first wooden St. Andrew's Church appeared on its site, which eventually fell into ruin. An Andrew's cross was erected on the hill. In the mid-18th century, by the order of Empress Elizabeth, the construction of a new St. Andrew's Church began. There were several projects, but preference was given to the Italian Bartolomeo Rastrelli. Architect Ivan Michurin, who significantly supplemented Rastrelli's project, oversaw the construction. The construction was delayed due to the priests' reluctance to remove the consecrated cross. Work began in 1749.

St. Andrew's Church is considered the last masterpiece of Bartolomeo Rastrelli. It rises on the Old Kyiv Hill, on the site of a former bastion. Built at the request of Elizabeth Petrovna, the project was developed by Rastrelli in 1748, and construction took place from 1749 to 1754 under the supervision of Ivan Michurin. Craftsmen from St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Kyiv participated in the creation of the temple, making it a monument to the cooperation of Russian and Ukrainian masters.

The church has undergone multiple repairs. After the death of Elizabeth Petrovna, it fell into disrepair. The consecration took place in 1767. In the 19th century, the dome was repaired several times, leading to a distortion of its original shape. In 1970, photocopies of Rastrelli's drawings were obtained, based on which the dome was restored in 1978.

St. Andrew's Church is a vivid example of Baroque, a style that came from the West and acquired national features. Baroque is characterized by grandeur, spectacularity, and rich decor. All these features are inherent in St. Andrew's Church.

The temple stands on a stylobate, which is a two-story building. A wide cast-iron staircase leads to it. The church has a cross-shaped form, measuring 31 by 20 meters, with a height of 47 meters. Inside, it is topped with a large dome, and outside, it is a five-domed temple. The foundations were laid at different depths due to the complex site conditions. In 1844, the wooden staircase was replaced with an iron one.

The church has often been threatened with destruction due to soil shifts. In 1787, it fell into disrepair but was saved by Catherine II. In 1843, due to a shift, the church cracked, and restoration was carried out. In the early 20th century, the temple faced problems again, and its restoration was completed in 1900.

The exterior of the church is richly decorated. The walls and domes are adorned with pilasters and columns. The windows are framed with stucco ornamentation, and cast-iron cartouches are placed on the pediments. The bright coloring of the facades enhances their picturesque quality.

The interior of the church is also richly decorated. The main focus is the iconostasis, designed by Rastrelli. The paintings of the church, created in the mid-18th century, feature secular scenes with striking poses and ornate clothing.

In 1968, St. Andrew's Church became a museum. It has now been restored. Among the church's relics is a fragment of the relics of Andrew the Apostle. In 2018, the church was handed over to the Ecumenical Patriarchate for conducting services.