In early 2005, Father Alexander Karaguzyin, a priest of the Russian Orthodox Church, approached the administration of the Zasviyazhsky district with a request to allocate a site for the construction of a church. A meeting was held in the administration to discuss the location of the future church. Boris Vasilyevich Arzhantsev, an honorary citizen of the city, local historian, and researcher, proposed to build the church at the site where a monument was planned. The church was decided to be dedicated to the holy righteous prince Alexander Nevsky.

In Simbirsk, there was already a memorial church dedicated to the fallen soldiers of the 1812 war. It was consecrated in honor of Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky in 1841 and renamed Trinity Cathedral in 1844. The construction of the church began with funds remaining from the collection for the militia, with an initial contribution of 50,000 rubles. A subscription was organized to raise funds, and the church was built. It housed a Memorial velvet book with the names of Simbiryans who died in the war against Napoleon.

At a meeting of the parish council, it was decided to build a temporary wooden church for services before the main church's construction began. In 2007, a construction trailer was equipped for conducting services. In 2010, a temporary wooden church was built, where all services and necessary ceremonies are currently held. In the same year, wrought iron crosses were installed over the dome, altar, and entrance.

In 2011, a narthex with a bell tower was added to the church, housing six bells with a total weight of 152 kg, and a wooden carved iconostasis was installed. In 2015, another narthex was added on the right side, increasing the internal space of the church.