The church, built and consecrated in 1808 with funds from the nobility of the Simbirsk province, was a stone building with a bell tower and a single altar in the name of the holy and righteous prince Alexander Nevsky. It was a one-story structure with a volume of 218 cubic meters, located in the hospital courtyard in a separate building, which was unusual for house churches. It is possible that at some point the church was considered parish, as indicated on the plan of Simbirsk from 1843, but by 1916 it was listed as 'non-parish'. It was associated with the church in the main hospital building, dedicated to the icon of the Mother of God 'Joy of All Who Sorrow'.

In 1926, services were still being held in the church. According to an inventory dated November 2, 1926, the church contained: a stone building with a bell tower, an iron roof, four bells of different sizes (weighing 51 pud 5 f., 5 pud 21 f., 2 pud 20 f., 1 pud), an altar, icons, books, church utensils, and other property, totaling more than 300 items.

The church was included in the list of protected architectural monuments of Ulyanovsk. In September 1929, it was closed and repurposed as a club for the Okrsvobolnitsa. In June 1930, the bells, weighing a total of 60 puds 6 1/2 pounds, were removed and confiscated from the already closed church. In 1937, the church building housed a hospital warehouse.

The church was destroyed after 1947.