The Bolhov Local History Museum was founded on December 18, 1919, by a native of Bolhov, local historian, and artist I.K. Gavrilov. The museum is located in a merchant building from the 18th century, which belonged to merchant Zhzhenov, and is a monument of architecture. Thanks to its collections, the museum holds a significant place among the museums of the Oryol region.

The museum's collections include a variety of exhibits: sculptures, furniture, weapons, numismatics, household items, clothing, and paintings from the 17th and 20th centuries. Of particular interest is the archaeological collection, gathered and donated in 1919 by the nobleman, historian, and archaeologist V.R. Apukhtin.

The museum has a library with over 5000 books. The exhibition consists of six halls: historical, memorial, military-patriotic, collection, ethnographic, and nature. The themes of the halls allow for a comprehensive presentation of the museum's collections.

The collection hall features various collections of paintings, artistic bronze, small sculptures, glass, ceramics, and porcelain. The ethnographic hall reveals the cultural and historical landscape of the Bolhov region through details of provincial life. The memorial hall is dedicated to notable individuals associated with the Bolhov region.

The patriotic theme continues in the Hall of Military Glory, covering the period from 1918 to 2018. Here, soldiers and military leaders who liberated the Bolhov land in 1943 are mentioned, as well as soldiers of the Soviet Army who served in Afghanistan in the 1980s, and Bolhov residents who participated in the civil war of 1919.

The historical hall serves the main informational and educational function, presenting the history of the region from ancient times to the present. The nature hall is focused on educational excursions.

Today, the Bolhov Local History Museum is an important source of historical and cultural heritage of the region. The museum conducts tours of its halls, as well as of the city and district, including visits to sacred, historical, and combat sites. Exhibition activities, local history guest rooms, lectures, and scientific research on the study of the native land occupy a significant place in its activities. The museum is interesting for both local residents and visitors to the city.